Abstract
Cinacalcet, as the first type II of calcimimetic restrains parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by enhancing the sensitivity of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) on the parathyroid glands and thereby reduces serum calcium concentrations. Calcimimetic agents would be supposed to affect urinary calcium excretion through PTH-dependent and PTH-independent responses since PTH-independent actions are mediated by renal CaSR. Renal CaSR is included in mineral ion metabolism, adjustment of urinary acidification, concentration, renin secretion and control of blood pressure. It is proved that renal CaSR is an element contributing in the reabsorption of calcium, independent of PTH. Cinacalcet can be administered for different kidney diseases associated to primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism concluding nephrolithiasis, dialysis, renal graft, chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is not receiving dialysis, acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Cinacalcet has renoprotective role especially in CKD patients.