Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 4 2 2016 04 01 Parathyroid carcinoma; an updated mini-review on current trends 57 59 EN Mohammadreza Ardalan Journal Article Parathyroid carcinoma is an infrequent endocrine disorder, commonly producing severe primary hyperparathyroidism. This is mainly a sporadic disorder, but it may occur in family primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients with parathyroid carcinoma regularly present with markedly elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Obviously, owing to the rarity of this cancer, there are no generalized procedures for its management; however, surgery remains to be the mainstay of treatment.