Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 3 2 2015 03 01 Parathyroid carcinoma; facts and views 37 40 EN Mahin Ghafari Zahra Taheri Abdollah Hajivandi Masoud Amiri Journal Article Because of the rare nature of parathyroid carcinoma, few physicians and surgeons have had experience in management of this disease. Although parathyroid carcinoma is not a common cancer, however, in patients with early hyperparathyroidism is very important, especially due to its mortality. Parathyroid carcinoma could occur equally between two genders but the incidence of parathyroid carcinoma is increasing worldwide despite its rare occurrence, with youth and being female as two important related factors. There is no available lifestyle factor related to parathyroid carcinoma. In fact, the cause of parathyroid carcinoma is yet to be established and there is no data to confirm causal relationships between parathyroid carcinoma and any risk factor, although it may be some relations with familial and sporadic forms.