Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 5 2 2017 06 01 An update on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 28 31 10.15171/jpd.2017.01 EN Shiva Borji Hamid Nasri Journal Article 10.15171/jpd.2017.01 Osteoporosis is an important skeletal disease in which, bone density slightly diminishes as long as the bone becomes porous like a sponge. This disorder happens because the skeleton is not able to replace old bones with new bones. Therefore bones become weaker, lose their strength and the risk of bone fractures (mostly spine and hip fractures) increases as individuals get older. Bone porosity, enhancement of bone length, reduction of bone size and livability of osteocytes are other factors that diminish bone strength. Patients with osteoporosis feel no signs unless their bone is broken after a fall or any other injury usually at age 50 and older. Spine fractures are scarcely reported and most of the time is invisible. This type of fracture can cause severe health problems like pain, curvature or flexure in your upper back and losing height that prevent you going away. Hip fractures are associated with mortality meanssome patients may die during difficulties related to this type of fractureor efforts to improve it. According to the latest research due to prevalence of osteoporosis, more than 200 million people in the world are suffering from osteoporotic fractures. Some different factors identified that contribute to high risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Thus recognizing the related these risk factor, will lead to take further steps to avoid developing osteoporosis and having bone’s fractures. The main goal of this review is to make an aware on osteoporosis and some important factors to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.