Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 11 1 2023 01 01 Cardiac effects of parathyroid hormone excess; an updated mini-review e11218 e11218 10.34172/jpd.2023.11218 EN Ardeshir Tajbakhsh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0710-4967 Kamran Shirbache https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-9534 Ali Shirbacheh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-0736 Venus Shahabi Rabori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2589-5360 Shahab Chaman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-1698 Elahe Zaremoghadam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-0122 Journal Article 10.34172/jpd.2023.11218 2023 05 20 2023 07 06 Hyperparathyroidism causes high levels of PTH, which can lead to a variety of cardiovascular problems that can pose a significant risk to an individual’s overall health. In more severe cases, such as high blood calcium levels due to primary hyperparathyroidism, the individual may also experience increased risks of kidney stones, bone fractures, and osteoporosis.