Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 11 1 2023 01 01 Interactions of vitamin D with parathyroid glands; an updated mini-review e11228 e11228 10.34172/jpd.2023.11228 EN Hamid Reza Hemmati https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-3120 Journal Article 10.34172/jpd.2023.11228 2023 06 22 2023 08 14 Vitamin D is essential for regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism, and its deficiency or excess can significantly affect parathyroid function. The deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D can lead to increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Conversely, adequate vitamin D levels suppress PTH synthesis and maintain normal calcium levels. Dysregulation of this delicate balance can contribute to various disorders such as osteoporosis, renal stones, and skeletal abnormalities. Hence, understanding the complex interactions between vitamin D and the parathyroid glands is important for diagnosing and managing disorders such as primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.