Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 12 1 2024 01 01 Vitamin D status in hemodialysis; current opinions e11260 e11260 10.34172/jpd.2024.11260 EN Parisa Tajdini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-6880 Sadaf Farnam Nia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4112-3063 Nabiha Midhat Ansari https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3113-5789 Maryam Farahmandsadr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-5839 Journal Article 10.34172/jpd.2024.11260 2024 02 10 2024 04 25 The adverse clinical implications of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency in hemodialysis (HD) patients are widespread and include bone mineral disorders, cardiovascular disease, infections, and mortality. For example, low vitD values are connected with a heightened risk of fractures, osteomalacia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Additionally, low vitD levels have been linked to increased arterial stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure in HD patients. Moreover, vitD deficiency has been connected with an intensified risk of infections, particularly respiratory tract infections, in HD patients. Finally, multiple studies have found an association between low vitD levels and increased mortality in HD patients.